A Pre Vit D3 can be produced through the skin by UVB of the sunlight. UVB gets filtered out by the atmosphere very easily, we therefore can only get the benefit of UVB in the middle of the day.
In Perth WA in January, a person with fair skin typically has to expose 15% of the body surface (eg arms and face) for 2-4 minutes 3 times a week to get enough Vit D. In winter, it takes about 10-20 minutes to get the same effect. If the UV index is 3 and below in winter, we might not get any UVB for VitD.
Link http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/184_07_030406/sam10922_fm.pdf